Merchant Accounts for Small Businesses: What to Know, How to Apply

It doesn’t matter whether you operate a B2C retail location or a B2B consulting company, customers tend to like flexibility when it comes to paying, which often means paying on credit. 

A merchant account can give you the tools needed to accept and reconcile different types of payments more efficiently.

Merchant accounts can often get confused with payment processing—which is only part of the merchant process. Here, we’ll break down what a merchant account is, how it works, and how you can apply for one today.

What is a merchant account?

Merchant accounts are specific accounts that give small businesses the ability to accept various customer payment methods more easily—most often debit and credit card payments.

With a merchant account, you can accept different types of credit cards and digital payments without managing multiple accounts across different payment methods. 

Merchant accounts are run by merchant-acquiring banks that handle communication and transactions between customers and businesses.

A merchant account itself is not a transaction account

As a business owner, you won’t have direct access to the funds in your merchant account. You won’t be able to withdraw or deposit money. However, the merchant account will deposit money into your bank account—usually within 48 hours after the charges occur.

Think of your merchant account provider as a facilitator between credit card companies and your bank. 

The merchant services provider will streamline your fee payments and customer charges so your finances stay organized for easier bookkeeping—and so you don’t have to manage all the heavy lifting. 

Merchant accounts and merchant services aren’t always the same thing

It’s important to note that merchant accounts are not always synonymous with merchant services.

Square, one of the more notable names in the merchant space, does not provide a proper full-service merchant account. 

While many of the functionalities are the same, Square is more specifically a payment service provider.

How does a merchant account work?

Credit card usage is actually quite complex when you view it from the position of the business.  Here’s what happens when a customer charges a card to your business:

1. Your business communicates the customer’s card information with the merchant bank. 
2. The merchant bank then contacts the card processor and the card issuer.
3. The card issuer runs through a series of approval checks (like fund availability) and security reviews. 
4. Once reviewed, the approval is sent back to the merchant bank. 
5. The merchant bank authorizes the transaction and releases the funds to the business.  

While this process seems complex, modern technology has sped up the process to happen in a matter of seconds. 

During each step of the process, the business will accrue various processing fees and costs. 

Your merchant account allows for all of this, and more, to be taken care of in one place, instead of you having to accept payment from customers and then pay back fees, declined payments, and other corrections later.

How does pricing work for a Merchant Account?

As you research merchant service providers, you may encounter different business models and payment structures. 

There are two common ways to pay for merchant account services:

1. Flat Pricing

With this option, you’ll pay the same amount on every transaction. This typically exists as a percentage of the whole, plus an added fee. 

For example, you can expect to pay between 1.7% and 3% plus a $0.25 fee per transaction. 

If a customer makes a $100 order and you have a 2% fee agreement plus $0.25, then you would pay $2.25 to your merchant provider (each time that happens). 

Flat pricing is the easiest to calculate—it’s also beneficial if you don’t expect your charges to fluctuate much within a set range.  

Flat-rate pricing may not always be the best option for high-volume businesses, as it can get expensive over time.

2. Interchange Pricing

With interchange pricing, your business pays different rates depending on the type of cardused by the customer. 

For example, MasterCard charges different rates than American Express, who charges different rates than Visa, and so on.

Consider how certain businesses don’t accept certain credit providers. That’s likely because they want to accept higher fees associated with those brands.  

Some merchants offer hybrid payment structures including both flat and interchange pricing—though this is much less common.

What Fees Will You Pay With a Merchant Account? 

Transaction fees are only one part of the cost associated with a merchant account. Additional fees and costs might include:

• Assessment fees: Established to create fraud checks and prevent false charges. These typically range from 0.13%–0.15% per transaction.
• Monthly or annual fees: Charged as flat rates for using the service. 
• Statement fees: Created to cover the costs of printing and mailing your business statements. These can be avoided by using online statements.
• Retrieval requests: For when customers dispute or cancel orders. If the merchant services team or credit company needs to review a purchase, then you’ll be charged a fee for their investigation. 
• Set up and admin fees: One-time or periodic charges for service installation and software/product updates.
• Termination fees: If you decide to break your contract early, you’ll likely be charged early termination fees.

Some of these fees are standard within the industry and can’t be avoided. 

However, you may encounter some new fees that seem to lack any purpose or benefit to you. If you think you are being overcharged, it may be time to reconsider your merchant account provider.

How do you get a merchant account?

Applying for a merchant account is similar to opening a bank account or working with a credit card provider. 

You’ll need to provide documentation related to your business and work through an approval process.

Merchant service companies take on risks by working with your company and therefore need to carry out an underwriting process, to ensure you’ll cover any lost costs in case of hardship. 

To open your merchant account, you will file an application with a provider—in most cases, this can be done online.

What you’ll need for your merchant account application:

• A registered business
• An Employer Identification Number (EIN) 
• Business bank account details
• Financial statements (bank statements, tax returns) 
• Up-to-date business licenses
• Your contact information and home address
• Your social security number

Like in any underwriting process, the merchant account provider will review your forms and ask for any supplemental information as needed. The greater the perceived risk, the more information the underwriter will need. 

Once your application is approved, you can begin your working relationship with your merchant services provider. 

The process can be done in a few days if you are a lower-risk business, though it typically takes a bit longer—and can take several weeks for high-risk businesses.

Learning ways to grow your business

In the first few years of your business, you’re typically focused on infrastructure and foundation-building. You’ll set up various processes to make your bookkeeping easier and customer service better. 

A merchant account is a great way to save time and process credit card payments more easily and accurately. 

To learn more about establishing your business and growing your sales, Lendio has a comprehensive resource center that covers everything from filing business taxes to optimizing your profit margin.